GuideYes. Nothing stops a European investor from backing a company registered in Seoul, Tokyo or Istanbul. In practice the money usually goes into a European company: that is the vehicle a European fund can hold shares in, and European public programmes require it. The foreign parent often stays on top.
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GuideFor private investors, no: there is no rule that makes a European company a condition of taking European money. For European public money there is. The European Innovation Council funds a company established in the EU or an associated country, and Dutch schemes reduce Dutch payroll tax, so they need a Dutch employer first.
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ReferenceAccording to Carta, the US equity management platform, the median startup that raised a Series A in the fourth quarter of 2024 had waited 774 days since its previous primary round, about two years and one month. The wait has been getting longer, not shorter.
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GuideAccording to Carta, the US equity management platform, the median new funding round at the seed stage took about 20% of the company in the fourth quarter of 2024, and the median Series B took 15%. Those are medians across American deals: the range around them is wide, and the option pool is counted on top.
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GuideA bridge round is money raised between priced rounds, usually from existing investors and usually without a new valuation. According to Carta, the US equity management platform, about 40% of all rounds raised by seed-stage companies in 2024 were bridge rounds rather than new priced rounds.
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GlossaryA down round is a funding round priced below the company's previous round. According to Carta, the US equity management platform, the down-round rate fell to 11.4% of new investments in the first quarter of 2026. Cooley counted the same share in its own reported financings that quarter.
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GuideEuropean investors check the same blocks as investors anywhere: company and ownership, the cap table, intellectual property, contracts, staff, tax and data protection. For a company whose parent sits outside Europe there is an extra layer, because each of those blocks has to be traced across two legal systems and shown in Dutch public registers.
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GuideA red flag is a gap between what a founder said and what the documents show. Most are paperwork rather than business problems: an incomplete shareholders' register, convertible instruments with no signed terms, technology owned by the parent with no licence, staff on the wrong payroll, or a beneficial owner never filed.
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ChecklistA data room holds the documents behind every claim a company makes: corporate records, the shareholders' register and every instrument that converts into shares, intellectual property, customer contracts, employment, tax filings and data protection. For a company with a parent outside Europe, add the documents that connect the two entities.
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ComparisonLess than founders expect on the core economics, more than they expect around them. According to Orrick's 2025 European deal data and Cooley's quarterly report, a non-participating liquidation preference at one times the investment is standard on both sides. The visible differences are ESG terms, the convertible instruments used, and employee option practice.
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EssayThe mechanics are the same. What changes is the order. In Europe the entity decision, the public money and the questions about where things actually sit all arrive earlier than a founder expects, and the gap between rounds is longer than most home markets have taught them to plan for.
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